Gastroenteric virus detection in fecal samples from women in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: This was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. Out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for HIV and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from each woman once every two months over the period from July 2006 to June 2007, and they were screened for rotaviruses by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assays, for caliciviruses and astroviruses by means of RT-PCR and for adenovirus by means of immunoenzymatic assays. The astroviruses were genotyped using nested PCR. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients, 19 (22.6%) were positive for either calicivirus (14/19) or astrovirus (6/19), while one women was positive for both viruses in fecal samples collected on different occasions. Most of the positive samples were collected during the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the samples analyzed was positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. Gastroenteric viruses were detected in 13/19 (68.4%) of the pregnant women, whether HIV-seropositive or not. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that neither pregnancy nor HIV-seropositive status among the women increased the risk of infection by any of the gastroenteric viruses studied. This study presents data on gastroenteric virus detection among pregnant and/or HIV-positive women.

Gastroenteric virus detection in fecal samples from women in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil / Detecção de vírus gastroentéricos em amostras fecais de mulheres em Goiânia, Estado de Goiás, Brasil

INTRODUCTION: This was a prospective study that included women seen in the obstetrics and gynecology sector of Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Goiás, in Goiânia, State of Goiás, with the aim of detecting rotaviruses, adenoviruses, caliciviruses and astroviruses. Eighty-four women participated in the study and from these, 314 fecal samples were collected. Out of all of the women, 29 were seropositive for HIV and 55 were seronegative, and 45 and 39 were pregnant and non-pregnant, respectively. METHODS: Fecal samples were collected from each woman once every two months over the period from July 2006 to June 2007, and they were screened for rotaviruses by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoenzymatic assays, for caliciviruses and astroviruses by means of RT-PCR and for adenovirus by means of immunoenzymatic assays. The astroviruses were genotyped using nested PCR. RESULTS: Among the 84 patients, 19 (22.6 percent) were positive for either calicivirus (14/19) or astrovirus (6/19), while one women was positive for both viruses in fecal samples collected on different occasions. Most of the positive samples were collected during the months of July and August (astrovirus) and September and October (calicivirus). None of the samples analyzed was positive for rotavirus or adenovirus. Gastroenteric viruses were detected in 13/19 (68.4 percent) of the pregnant women, whether HIV-seropositive or not. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the present study showed that neither pregnancy nor HIV-seropositive status among the women increased the risk of infection by any of the gastroenteric viruses studied. This study presents data on gastroenteric virus detection among pregnant and/or HIV-positive women.

INTRODUÇÃO: Este foi um estudo prospectivo que incluiu mulheres atendidas no setor de obstetrícia e ginecologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás, em Goiânia, Estado de Goiás com o objetivo de detectar rotavírus, adenovírus, calicivírus e astrovírus. Oitenta e quatro mulheres participaram no estudo e destas, 314 amostras fecais foram coletadas. Do total de mulheres, 29 eram soropositivas para HIV, 55 soronegativas, 45 e 39 estavam grávidas e não-grávidas, respectivamente. MÉTODOS: Amostras fecais foram coletadas de cada mulher uma vez a cada dois meses pelo período de Julho-2006 a Junho-2007, foram triadas para rotavírus pela metodologia de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA) e através de ensaio imunoenzimático (EIE), para calicivírus e astrovírus por RT-PCR e por EIE para adenovírus. Os astrovírus foram genotipados por Nested-PCR. RESULTADOS: De 84 pacientes, 19 (22,6 por cento) foram positivas para calicivírus (14/19) ou astrovírus (6/19), sendo que uma mulher foi positiva para ambos os vírus em amostras fecais coletadas em diferentes ocasiões. A maioria das amostras positivas foi coletada no período de Julho a Agosto (astrovírus) e de Setembro a Outubro (calicivírus). Nenhuma das amostras analisadas foi positiva para rotavírus ou adenovírus. Os vírus gastroentéricos foram detectados em 13/19 (68,4 por cento) mulheres grávidas, as quais eram HIV-soropositivas ou não. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que nem o estado gravídico das mulheres nem a soropositividade para HIV aumentaram o risco para a infecção por nenhum dos vírus gastroentéricos estudados. Este estudo apresenta dados sobre a detecção de vírus gastroentéricos entre mulheres grávidas e/ou HIV-positivas.

The circulation of human astrovirus genotypes in the Central West Region of Brazil.

Out of 1,588 faecal samples of children taken from three locations of the Central West Region of Brazil, 57 were positive for astroviruses (HAstVs) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were genotyped by nested RT-PCR and/or genomic sequencing. HAstV-1 (42.8%), HAstV-2 (23.2%), HAstV-3 (3.6%), HAstV-4 (14.3%) and HAstVs -5, -6, -7 and -8 (1.8% each) were detected. In Goiânia and Campo Grande, HAstV-1 was the most frequently detected genotype while in Brasília (DF) it was HAstV-2. Shifts in the circulation of astrovirus genotypes were observed in DF and Campo Grande. All samples collected by rectal swabs were viral negative. The astrovirus genotypes were detected in all age groups and there was no correlation between genotype and age group.

The circulation of human astrovirus genotypes in the Central West Region of Brazil

Out of 1,588 faecal samples of children taken from three locations of the Central West Region of Brazil, 57 were positive for astroviruses (HAstVs) using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were genotyped by nested RT-PCR and/or genomic sequencing. HAstV-1 (42.8 percent), HAstV-2 (23.2 percent), HAstV-3 (3.6 percent), HAstV-4 (14.3 percent) and HAstVs -5, -6, -7 and -8 (1.8 percent each) were detected. In Goiânia and Campo Grande, HAstV-1 was the most frequently detected genotype while in Brasília (DF) it was HAstV-2. Shifts in the circulation of astrovirus genotypes were observed in DF and Campo Grande. All samples collected by rectal swabs were viral negative. The astrovirus genotypes were detected in all age groups and there was no correlation between genotype and age group.

Adenovirus, calicivirus and astrovirus detection in fecal samples of hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis from Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.

We analyzed fecal samples from hospitalized children up to three years of age with acute gastroenteritis at Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from May 2000-January 2004. Astrovirus and calicivirus were detected by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and adenovirus was detected using the Rotavirus and Adenovirus combined immunoenzyme assay. Astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were detected at rates of 3.1%, 3.6% and 7.6%, respectively. These results re-emphasize the need for the establishment of regional vigilance systems to evaluate the impact of enteric viruses on viral gastroenteritis.

Adenovirus, calicivirus and astrovirus detection in fecal samples of hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis from Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

We analyzed fecal samples from hospitalized children up to three years of age with acute gastroenteritis at Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, from May 2000-January 2004. Astrovirus and calicivirus were detected by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and adenovirus was detected using the Rotavirus and Adenovirus combined immunoenzyme assay. Astrovirus, adenovirus and calicivirus were detected at rates of 3.1 percent, 3.6 percent and 7.6 percent, respectively. These results re-emphasize the need for the establishment of regional vigilance systems to evaluate the impact of enteric viruses on viral gastroenteritis.

[Rotavirus A among hospitalized infants, up to three years of age, with acute gastroenteritis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul]. / Rotavírus A em crianças de até três anos de idade, hospitalizadas com gastroenterite aguda em Campo Grande, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between May 2000 and January 2004. Among all the samples, 88 (23.2%) were positive for Rotavirus A. Out of these, 81 (92%) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87.5%) with a long pattern and four (4.5%) with a short pattern. Genotype G and P characterization was done by nested RT-PCR for 85 samples, of which 56 (65.9%) were genotyped as type G. Among these, 49 (87.5%) were G1, five (8.9%) were G4, one (1.8%) was G3 and one (1.8%) was G9. The genotype was found to be type P in 37 samples (43.5%) and all of these were P[8]. The G and P association most observed was G1P[8], with 33 samples (89.2%), followed by G4P[8], two samples (5.4%); G3P[8], one sample (2.7%); and G9P[8], one sample (2.7%).

Rotavírus A em crianças de até três anos de idade, hospitalizadas com gastroenterite aguda em Campo Grande, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul / Rotavirus A among hospitalized infants, up to three years of age, with acute gastroenteritis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul

Através da eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida e do ensaio imunenzimático combinado para rotavírus e adenovirus, foram analisadas 380 amostras fecais de crianças com até 3 anos, hospitalizadas com diarréia aguda, entre maio de 2000 e janeiro de 2004, em Campo Grande, MS. Do total de amostras, 88 (23,2 por cento) foram positivas para Rotavirus A. Dentre essas, 81 (92 por cento) tiveram padrão eletroferotípico definido, sendo 77 (87,5 por cento) de padrão longo e quatro (4,5 por cento) de padrão curto. A caracterização genotípica G e P foi feita por RT-Nested-PCR para 85 amostras, sendo 56 (65,9 por cento) genotipáveis para genótipo G. Dentre essas, 49 (87,5 por cento) foram G1, cinco (8,9 por cento) G4, uma (1,8 por cento) G3 e uma (1,8 por cento) G9. Considerando a genotipagem P, 37 (43,5 por cento) foram genotipáveis e todas eram P[8]. A associação G e P mais observada foi G1P[8], 33 (89,2 por cento) amostras; seguida de G4P[8], duas (5,4 por cento) amostras; G3P[8], uma (2,7 por cento) amostra; e G9P[8], uma (2,7 por cento) amostra.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between May 2000 and January 2004. Among all the samples, 88 (23. 2 percent) were positive for Rotavirus A. Out of these, 81 (92 percent) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87. 5 percent) with a long pattern and four (4. 5 percent) with a short pattern. Genotype G and P characterization was done by nested RT-PCR for 85 samples, of which 56 (65. 9 percent) were genotyped as type G. Among these, 49 (87. 5 percent) were G1, five (8. 9 percent) were G4, one (1. 8 percent) was G3 and one (1. 8 percent) was G9. The genotype was found to be type P in 37 samples (43. 5 percent) and all of these were P[8]. The G and P association most observed was G1P[8], with 33 samples (89. 2 percent), followed by G4P[8], two samples (5. 4 percent); G3P[8], one sample (2. 7 percent); and G9P[8], one sample (2. 7 percent).

Astrovirus infection in children living in the Central West region of Brazil.

This study presents data regarding the circulation of astrovirus in Goiânia-GO and Brasília-DF. These viruses were detected in fecal samples from hospitalized children up to five years old with and without acute gastroenteritis. A total of 1244 fecal samples were collected in two periods, 1994 to 1996 (Brasília) and 1998 to 2002 (Goiânia and Brasília), and were analyzed for viral RNA using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positivity rates of 4.3 and 0.5% for astrovirus were observed in children with acute gastroenteritis and those without gastroenteritis, respectively. Among children with gastroenteritis no statistically significant difference was seen with regards to viral positivity rates in relation to gender and age. However, a higher incidence rate was observed for children from Brasília aged 36 months or more. Overall, astroviruses occurred predominantly from September to March in the two cities, suggesting a seasonal pattern for these viruses which coincides with the highest relative air humidity period. The results of this study highlight the importance of astrovirus as an etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in children of the Central West region of Brazil.

Astrovirus infection in children living in the Central West region of Brazil

This study presents data regarding the circulation of astrovirus in Goiânia-GO and Brasília-DF. These viruses were detected in fecal samples from hospitalized children up to five years old with and without acute gastroenteritis. A total of 1244 fecal samples were collected in two periods, 1994 to 1996 (Brasília) and 1998 to 2002 (Goiânia and Brasília), and were analyzed for viral RNA using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Positivity rates of 4.3 and 0.5 percent for astrovirus were observed in children with acute gastroenteritis and those without gastroenteritis, respectively. Among children with gastroenteritis no statistically significant difference was seen with regards to viral positivity rates in relation to gender and age. However, a higher incidence rate was observed for children from Brasília aged 36 months or more. Overall, astroviruses occurred predominantly from September to March in the two cities, suggesting a seasonal pattern for these viruses which coincides with the highest relative air humidity period. The results of this study highlight the importance of astrovirus as an etiologic agent of acute gastroenteritis in children of the Central West region of Brazil.

Astrovírus / Astrovirus

Os astrovírus têm sido descritos como importantes enteropatógenos associados à gastrenterite aguda em crianças e outros grupos etários em todo o mundo. São vírus pertencentes à família Astroviridae que possui dois gêneros dos quais o Mamastrovirus acomete o homem. Estes vírus possuem RNA de fita simples, de polaridade positiva e são poliadenilados na extremidade 3'. São desnudos, apresentam um nucleocapsídeo de simetria icosaédrica, têm diâmetro de 28nm a 40nm e uma arquitetura peculiar com projeções superficiais semelhantes a uma estrela de cinco a seis pontas. Atualmente são conhecidos oito tipos de astrovírus humanos (HAstVs). O conhecimento sobre a epidemiologia da infecção por astrovírus e a disponibilidade de métodos de detecção rápidos e eficazes destes vírus são importantes para as estratégias de prevenção e controle.

Manifestações clínicas e epidemiológicas das infecções por rotavírus A / Clinical and epidemiological trends in rotavirus A infections

Objetivo: analisar as manifestações clínicas e aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados ao rotavirus A. Casusuistica e Métodos: foi realizado estudo prospectivo com crianças de Goiânia, GO, que apresentavam diarréia aguda. Amostras fecais foram avaliadas para rotavírus através de eletroforese em gel e ensaio imunoenzimático...